Pet Poison Prevention

Keeping pets safe and healthy goes beyond providing nutritious food, fun toys, and regular veterinary check-ups. It also means being aware of everyday items that can be harmful to them. In recognition of National Poison Prevention Week (March 17-23), here are some common hazards to watch out for and tips to help you protect your pets.

Food Hazards Many foods that are safe for humans can be dangerous for pets. Alcohol can depress the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, coma, and even death. Even small amounts of alcohol found in unbaked dough, desserts, or syrups can be harmful.

Chocolate and coffee contain compounds called methylxanthines, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and seizures. Dark chocolate is particularly toxic due to its higher concentration of these compounds.

Fruits like grapes and raisins are known to cause kidney failure in pets, even in small amounts. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and limes, can cause stomach upset, while coconuts and coconut water contain high levels of potassium that may be harmful if consumed in large quantities. Dairy products can lead to digestive issues because many pets are lactose intolerant.

Vegetables from the onion family—including onions, garlic, leeks, and chives—can damage red blood cells, leading to anemia. Symptoms may include weakness, vomiting, and breathing difficulties. Xylitol, a common sweetener in sugar-free gum, candies, baked goods, and some peanut butters, can cause insulin release, leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), seizures, liver failure, and even death.

Household Products Common cleaning agents can be hazardous to pets if ingested, inhaled, or if they come into contact with their skin. Carpet fresheners and shampoos are generally safe if used correctly, but pets should be kept away from freshly treated areas until they are dry. Wash your pet’s paws if they come into contact with any residues to prevent licking.

Bleach is often used to clean pet areas and toys, but it must be diluted correctly. Allow any bleach products to dry completely before your pet has access, and ventilate the area to prevent respiratory irritation. Toilet cleaning tablets can cause gastrointestinal upset if pets drink from the toilet, so it’s wise to keep the lid closed.

Essential oils, often used in diffusers or air fresheners, can be harmful if inhaled or ingested. Some oils, like tea tree, eucalyptus, and citrus, are particularly toxic to pets, leading to symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, tremors, and liver damage. Scented cat litter may irritate pets with respiratory sensitivities.

Plants and Chemicals Many common houseplants and garden plants are toxic to pets. Lilies, even in small amounts, are extremely toxic to cats and can cause kidney failure. Azaleas, oleander, poinsettias, and sago palms can also cause severe reactions, including vomiting, diarrhea, heart problems, and organ failure. Always research new plants before bringing them into your home.

Rodenticides (rat and mouse poisons) are designed to attract pests, but they also pose severe risks to pets if ingested. Even secondary poisoning, where a pet eats a poisoned rodent, can be dangerous. Use pet-safe pest control methods whenever possible, and consider non-lethal alternatives like traps or natural deterrents.

Insecticides used to eliminate household pests can contain chemicals that are toxic to pets. Follow label instructions carefully, keep pets out of treated areas until they are safe, and store products securely to prevent accidental exposure.

Marijuana Marijuana products, legal or otherwise, are highly toxic to pets, particularly dogs. Ingesting marijuana can lead to symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, incoordination, drooling, tremors, and seizures. Edible products pose an even greater risk due to additional toxic ingredients like chocolate or xylitol.

Exposure to marijuana smoke can also be harmful, especially in enclosed spaces. It can cause respiratory issues and irritation, particularly for pets with pre-existing conditions. Always store marijuana products securely and avoid exposing pets to smoke.

Medications Both human and pet medications can be dangerous if not handled properly. Store all medications securely, and never give human drugs to pets without veterinary guidance. Painkillers, antidepressants, cold medicines, vitamins, and supplements can all be toxic. Even flavored pet medications should be kept out of reach to prevent accidental ingestion.

If you suspect your pet has ingested something harmful, contact your veterinarian immediately. Time is critical in poisoning cases, and quick action can save your pet’s life. The ASPCA Poison Control Hotline is available 24/7 at 1-888-426-4435 for expert guidance.

Awareness and prevention are key to ensuring a safe environment for your pets. By staying informed and vigilant, you can help protect your furry friends from accidental poisonings and create a healthier, safer home for them.